What is an unreliable narrator?

An unreliable narrator is defined as one whose credibility is compromised, which can lead to misunderstandings or misinterpretations of the narrative they present. This lack of reliability can stem from various reasons, such as the narrator's personal biases, mental state, intentions, or limited knowledge. When readers encounter an unreliable narrator, they must actively engage with the text to discern the truth, recognizing that what is being presented may not be a straightforward depiction of events. This narrative technique is often used to add complexity to the story and deepen reader engagement, inviting them to question the information provided.

While excessive background information can provide context or depth to a story, it does not inherently affect the narrator's reliability. Telling a story from multiple perspectives can be a method that introduces various viewpoints, but it does not automatically indicate that any of the narrators are unreliable. Finally, a narrator who is always truthful lacks the intriguing complexity of unreliability, as their narrative would offer clear and dependable information without room for doubt or interpretation. In contrast, the unreliable narrator challenges readers to navigate ambiguities and to shape their understanding of the narrative based on critical analysis.